Your in-text or footnote citations appear formatted in the referencing style you have chosen and your bibliography (if your style uses one) is created at the end of your document. In the below example, Word preferences have been set to shade text that has EndNote code. When to use formatted mode: 1. Position your cursor in the paper where you want to insert the citation. You must uninstall earlier versions of EndNote before installing the latest version. Open EndNote by double-clicking on the EndNote icon in your Applications folder OR by typing ⌘-spacebar and typing 'EndNote' into Spotlight Search. Depending on the program's preferences, you may see differing options here: the most recently-used library may open or you may see a blank EndNote application window. Go to EndNote and open the EndNote Library that contains the references for your paper. Open Microsoft Word and begin typing your paper. When you reach your first citation, place the cursor where your citation should be in your paper. JAMA Style: Citations are placed outside of periods or commas and inside of colons or semicolons. If EndNote does not have your style (first see if it's available in Downloads - EndNote Output Styles) If the style that EndNote does have is a little different to the version your unit or journal requires.
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- How To Do Endnotes
- How To Format Endnotes In Word For Mac Download
Creating and setting up an EndNote library
Creating an EndNote library
1. Open EndNote by double-clicking on the EndNote icon in your Applications folder OR by typing ⌘-spacebar and typing 'EndNote' into Spotlight Search.
2. Depending on the program's preferences, you may see differing options here: the most recently-used library may open or you may see a blank EndNote application window. To create a new library, go to File > New.
3. Name your library (the default name for any new library is 'My EndNote Library'), check the Save as Package box and and pick a location on your computer where the library will be saved.
4. Click Save.
Setting up an EndNote library
Once you have created a library, there are a number of functions and options built into EndNote that allow you to optimize and customize your library.
Choosing and customizing Display Fields
You can choose up to ten fields to display as column headings in your library (note: all fields will still appear within each Reference)
1. Go to EndNote X9 > Preferences.
2. Choose Display Fields from the left-hand list.
3. Choose your desired field for each column from the drop-down menus. Note: If you want to remove a column so that fewer than ten fields appear, you can choose '[Do not display]' from the drop-down menu.
4. You can also choose to display Custom fields and rename those fields as desired by changing the name in the Heading column.
Using the Find Full Text function
EndNote can look for the full text of articles freely available on the internet and articles available through the OHSU Library's journal holdings.
1. Go to EndNote X9 > Preferences
2. Choose Find Full Text
3. Make sure these options are checked: DOI, PubMed LinkOut and OpenURL.
4. In the OpenURL Path box, if it does not already appear there, paste the following link (without quotes): 'https://librarysearch.ohsu.edu/primo-explore/openurl?institution=OHSU&vid=OHSU'
5. In the Authenticate With box, use this link (without quotes): 'https://login.liboff.ohsu.edu/login?url='
6. If desired, check the 'Automatically invoke Find Full Text on newly-imported references.' If this box is checked, EndNote will automatically search for a .pdf version of References imported into your EndNote library and attach it to the Reference in question.Using Term Lists
1. To ensure that your bibliographies will be formatted correctly, you should import a journal term list before you add any references to your library. The journal Term List includes journal name abbreviations, which may differ according to the bibliographic style used (NLM, APA, etc.)
2. Go to the Tools menu, Open Terms Lists, and then Journals Term List.
3. A blank table will appear. Click the Lists tab, then click Import List... button.
4. Navigate to your EndNote folder: Applications > EndNote X9 and open the Terms folder. Select the subject area for the type of references you will be working with (Medical, Chemical, BioSciences, etc.)
5. The table will be populated with full journal titles and their official abbreviations.
6. You can repeat these steps to include more than one journal list.
Adding references to your library
There are multiple methods for adding references to an EndNote library. References can be manually added to a library, imported from a database such as PubMed, or they can be added directly from the EndNote interface.
Manually adding a reference
References can be manually added one at a time to EndNote. This is the most labor-intensive and, in most cases, least efficient method of adding references. Manual entry of references should only be used when you are otherwise unable to locate the reference in a database.
1. In EndNote, go to References > New Reference
2. A blank New Reference box will pop up. Select the correct Reference Type (the default is Journal Article). You can then manually add information about author, date, title, etc.
3. There is no need to save the reference, it will be automatically saved when the New Reference box is closed (by clicking the red button in the top left corner of the box).
Importing references from a database search
PubMed MEDLINE
When searching PubMed, there are two ways to save citations into your EndNote library. If you are working with fewer than 200 results, you will likely want to use the Citation manager option. For result sets greater than 200, you will likely want to use the plain text file method. Before importing/exporting results, be sure you have the latest EndNote import filters for the databases you are searching installed on your computer.
Citation Manager option in PubMed (use this method if you have LESS than 200 PubMed citations to add to EndNote)
1. Perform your search in PubMed.
2. Select the references you want to save.
3. From the Send to drop-down menu, choose Citation manager. If you have an option to choose the Number to send, be sure itwill capture all of your search results (e.g. if you have 75 results, Number to send should be at least 100).
4. Click Create File
5. Depending on your browser, the next steps will vary:
6. In Firefox, select Open with and click the Choose button. Navigate to select the EndNote program and click OK.
7. In Safari, the file containing your citations will be automatically downloaded to your Downloads folder (or other destination, according to your browser settings). Once downloaded, open the file. You may get a message that says There is no application set to open the document 'citations.nbib.'
8. If you get this message, click the Choose Application button and navigate to the EndNote program and click Open.
9. If EndNote is open on your computer, the citations will import into the open EndNote library. If EndNote is not open, you will be asked to choose a library to which the citations will be added.
Exporting References from PubMed as a Plain Text File (use this methods if you have MORE than 200 PubMed citations to add to EndNote)
1. Perform your search in PubMed.
2. Select the references you want to save. If you want to export the entire result set do not select any references.
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3. From the Send to drop-down menu, choose File.
4. From the Format drop-down menu, choose MEDLINE.
5. Click Create File.
6. Depending on your browser setting, the file may automatically be saved in your Downloads folder. If prompted, save the downloaded file to your desktop, downloads folder, or other easily discoverable location.
7. In EndNote choose File > Import.
8. Locate the file you just downloaded (it will have an .txt extension) and select it.
9. In the Import Options field choose PubMed (NLM). Note: the first time you do this, you will need to choose Other Filters and then select PubMed (NLM) from the list of import filter options.
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10. Click Import and the records will be imported into your EndNote library.
Importing references from other databases
Ovid databases
Ovid databases (e.g. Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, etc.) available to OHSU library users include an option for direct export into EndNote.
1. Perform your search and select the references you want to save.
2. On your desktop, open the destination EndNote library for the references.
3. In Ovid, select Export.
4. In the Export Citation List box, select Export To > EndNote. If you want to include all of the citation information, be sure to choose Select Fields to Display > Complete Reference.
5. Click the Export Citations button.
6. Depending on your browser, the next steps will vary. Follow the same procedure described above in the Citation Manager option in PubMed section.
OHSU Library Catalog
References to books and other materials in the OHSU Library catalog can be added to EndNote using the Export feature.
1. Search the library catalog for your item.
2. Once you have identified the appropriate book or other record, find the '...' button near the right side of the page.
3. Select Export RIS (Note: Using the End Note export option in the drop-down box will direct you to EndNote's web version. Do not use this method if you want to add the reference to an EndNote library on your hard drive.)
4. A download box will open; select an encoding if one is not already (UTF-8 is usually a safe choice) and click Download.
5. Save the RIS file to an easily discoverable location.
6. In EndNote, choose File > Import.
7. Locate the file you just downloaded (it will have an .ris extension) and select it.
8. In the Import Options field choose RefMan RIS. Note: the first time you do this, you will need to choose Other Filters and then select RefMan RIS from the list of import filter options. Click Import.
Other databases
The steps for importing references from other databases accessible through the OHSU Library follow the same basic principles as those for importing references from PubMed. Once you have identified a set of references you want to add to your EndNote library, you need to export those references by creating and downloading a file to be imported into EndNote. It is important that the correct Import Filter is selected in EndNote in order for EndNote to be able to read the file that is being imported. The Import Filter you choose will be determined by the database.
Adding references directly from EndNote
You can also search databases such as PubMed directly in EndNote and add references from there. This method should generally not be our first choice method for adding references, and is most effective when you are searching for a specific reference that you know, for example, is indexed in PubMed. This guide from EndNote provides detailed instructions on how to search for and add references directly from EndNote.
Adding a reference from a .pdf
You can create a new reference directly from a pdf in many cases. EndNote uses the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) that is embedded in the .pdf to create a new reference. If the .pdf does not have a DOI, the PDF will be imported, but you will need to edit the reference once it is created. For that reason, be sure to check references created from .pdf for accuracy once they have been added to EndNote.
1. Go to File>Import.
2. From the Import Options drop down box, select PDF File or Folder.
3. Navigate to the .pdf you wish to add to EndNote.
4. Click Import. A new reference will be created with the .pdf attached.
Creating and formatting a bibliography
Inserting references
1. Position the cursor to the place in you Word document where you want to add your citation.
2. Click the EndNote X9 tab on the ribbon and then click the Go to EndNote buttonand open the appropriate EndNote library if its not already open.
3. Highlight the reference you want to cite from your EndNote library by clicking on the reference.
4. From here, there are several ways to add a reference to your paper:
5. In EndNote, go to Tools > Cite While You Write > Insert Selected Citation(s)
6. In Word, go to the Tools > EndNote X9 > Insert Selected Citation(s).
7. The citation will be automatically inserted into your Word document. You do not have to click the Insert Citation(s) button.
8. You can also copy/paste or drag/drop the reference from EndNote into the spot in your Word document where you want to cite it.
Formatting Your Bibliography
Once you have inserted citations into your paper, you can format (or re-format) your bibliography at any time, just be sure your EndNote library is open. The formatted references will automatically be added to the end of your Word document.
To format the bibliography:
1. In Word, click Configure Bibliography on the EndNote X9 ribbon.
2. If you do not see the style that you want to use in your list of options, click the Browse button to see all available bibliography formats and select the one you want to use.
3. You can also use Configure Bibliography > Layout to change the font, size and other features of your bibliography.
Creating a stand-alone reference list or bibliography
1. There may be times when you will want to create a stand-alone reference list or bibliography that is not otherwise part of a Word document.
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2. Select the references in your EndNote library you wish to include in the bibliography
3. In EndNote, go to File > Export
4. Name the file, Save file as type >RTF and select your chosen Output Style
5. Click Save (be sure to note where the file is saved).
6. Now you can open the file in Microsoft Word as a stand-alone bibliography
- Last Updated:Dec 1, 2020 11:40 AM
- URL:https://libguides.ohsu.edu/endnote
If you’re composing a document for business or education, you may want to add references. These can include websites, citations, or explanatory comments. If your paper does not require a specific reference section on the page, you can use footnotes and endnotes instead.
Microsoft Word makes it easy to add footnotes or endnotes to your document, and the flexibility to customize them.
Footnotes Versus Endnotes
By using a footnote or endnote, you can place a simple number, letter, or symbol next to the corresponding word or phrase in the text that directs the reader elsewhere in your document. This lets you add more details without distracting from the body of your document. Your reader can then jump to the footnote or endnote, with the referencing number, if they please.
The main difference between footnotes and endnotes is their location in the document.
Footnotes normally appear at the bottom (foot) of the page, while Endnotes usually appear at the end of the document.
In Microsoft Word, however, you can change the location for each type of note which we’ll show you in the Customize Footnotes and Endnotes section.
Which kind of note you use is up to you, unless you have a requirement to use one or the other, like in school essays. Check out our tutorial for more help using the References tab in Word.
Add a Footnote or Endnote in Word
Whether you use Microsoft Word on Windows or Mac, the steps are the same for adding footnotes or endnotes.
- Place your cursor within the document where you want the referencing number for the footnote or endnote. This is normally at the beginning of a word or phrase.
- Click the References tab.
- Pick either Insert Footnote or Insert Endnote per your preference.
- You’ll see the number inserted in the text and be directed to the note to type in your reference.
You can continue to add more footnotes or endnotes the same way and they will be numbered in order, accordingly.
Customize Footnotes and Endnotes
You can change the location, layout, and format of your footnotes and endnotes. This gives you some nice flexibility.
- Go to one of the notes in your document and right-click it.
- On Windows, select Note Options and on Mac, pick Footnote from the shortcut menu.
- Then, make your changes to any of the below options and click Apply.
![How to do endnotes How to do endnotes](/uploads/1/3/4/7/134717696/480493261.png)
Location: For footnotes, you can select Bottom of page or Below text. For endnotes, you can pick from End of section or End of document.
Footnote Layout: By default, the layout will match the section layout of your document. But if you would like your footnotes or endnotes in columns, you can choose from one to four columns in the dropdown box.
Format: This area gives you the ability to pick the Number format, use a Custom mark or Symbol, choose a Start at number, and select continuous Numbering or restart it on each page or section.
Change or Remove a Separator
The separator is the line that appears in the footnote and endnote areas that “separates” the notes from the text. By default, you’ll see a simple line, but you can change it or even remove it if you like.
- Select the View tab and in the Views group, pick Draft.
- Go to the body of your text and double-click the footnote or endnote.
- When the Footnotes Pane appears at the bottom of the page, select Footnote Separator in the dropdown box.
- To remove the separator, select it and hit your Backspace or Delete To change its appearance, select it, and then use the Word formatting features on the Home tab.
You’ll notice that you can also select other options in the Footnote Pane dropdown box. So if you’d like to format the text for your notes differently, for example, pick an option in the box and make your formatting changes.
When you finish using the Footnotes Pane, you can use the X on the top right to close it and continue working in Draft view. Or, simply select the view you were using, such as Print Layout, on the View tab.
Convert Footnotes or Endnotes
If you add footnotes that you want to turn into endnotes or vice versa, you can convert them. In addition, you can convert a single note or switch them around. Here’s how.
Convert an Individual Note
To convert a single note, right-click it and choose Convert to Footnote/Endnote.
![How To Format Endnotes In Word For Mac How To Format Endnotes In Word For Mac](/uploads/1/3/4/7/134717696/298419049.jpg)
Convert All Notes
- Go to a footnote or endnote in your document and right-click it.
- On Windows, select Note Options and on Mac, pick Footnote from the shortcut menu.
- Click the Convert button.
- Select one of the top two options to convert all footnotes or endnotes in your document.
Switch Footnotes and Endnotes
Since you can use both footnotes and endnotes in one Word document, you may want to perform a complete swap. To turn into footnotes into endnotes and the opposite, do the following.
- Go to a footnote or endnote in your document and right-click it.
- On Windows, select Note Options and on Mac, pick Footnote from the shortcut menu.
- Click the Convert button.
- Select the third option to Swap footnotes and endnotes.
Navigate Through Your Notes
You have a few options for viewing and moving through the footnotes and endnotes in your document.
See Each Next or Previous Note
If you want to see each footnote and endnote reference within your text, place your cursor in the body of the text. Then, click the References tab and use the Next Footnote button in the ribbon.
You can also click the arrow next to that button to move to next or previous footnotes or endnotes.
If you prefer to see the actual notes you’ve added, place your cursor on one of those and then use the Next Footnote button.
Show the Notes Areas
Maybe you only want to see the notes you’ve added. And, you have both footnotes and endnotes in your document.
You can click the Show Notes button in the ribbon on the References tab. Then choose to view either the footnotes or endnotes areas. If you only have one type of note in your document, this button will simply take you to the notes section on that page.
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View the Referencing Notes
If you’re within your text and want to go directly to the footnote or endnote, simply double-click the number, letter, or symbol.
If you’re within the notes area and want to go right to the referencing text, right-click the note and select Go to Footnote/Endnote.
Remove Footnotes or Endnotes
Using Endnote In Word
You can delete individual or all footnotes or endnotes in your Word document easily.
Remove an Individual Footnote or Endnote
Deleting a single footnote or endnote is simple. Go to the footnote or endnote reference in your text and delete the number, letter, or symbol.
The numbering for your remaining notes will adjust automatically.
Remove All Footnotes and Endnotes
If you want to remove all footnotes or endnotes from your document, this involves a few steps but doesn’t take much time at all using the Find and Replace feature.
On Windows, select the Home tab, click the arrow next to Find, and pick Advanced Find. Go to the Replace tab.
On Mac, select Edit from the menu bar and next to Find, pick Replace.
- In the top box for Find enter either “^f” for footnotes or “^e” for endnotes.
- In the next box for Replace, leave it blank.
- Click Replace All.
You’ll receive a confirmation of the number of items removed/replaced.
You can then use other types of references if needed, like bibliographies that you can generate automatically in Word.
How To Do Endnotes
Use Footnotes and Endnotes for Handy References in Word
Many people don’t think about using footnotes and endnotes in their Word documents. But these handy ways to add websites, notes, or citations can help keep your readers’ eyes on your words without reference distractions.
How To Format Endnotes In Word For Mac Download
For more, check out how to create an annotated bibliography in Word for your school papers.
Read the full article: How to Add and Format Footnotes and Endnotes in Microsoft Word